Education in 19th Century

During 1800s there were dame schools and churches that provided educations for poor children. Teachers were womens and they taught reading wirting and arithmatic. States did not care about childrens education until 1870 where the government came up with Forrester Education Act which have said shcool should provided for all the children. Some kids had to pay to go the school unless u were poor you didnt have to pay any.
They taught diffrent things by the class u are from: Kids that are from upper class families were taught by governess and middle calss kids were taught grammars and for the girls sewing and music in school. And the Lowest class children lessons in school was horrible and they were humiliated by wearing a cap that said "dunce" on it.
http://www.localhistories.org/19thcent.html
By Will Choi

Science in 19th century

Amazing theories and discoveries were made during 19th century by the scientists in europe. Popular and famous scientist such as: Charles Darwin who hvae discovered an idea of evolution; Louis Pasteur who have discovered a vaccine against rabies in clusding assymetry of cryastal; Thomas Alva Edison who created a lightbulb. And there are more scientist to list but as you can see 19th century was the time where all the greatest the disocveries of mankind happened.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century
By Will Choi

Life in Britain was very hard for some, because the way that it worked then was it divided people into two social classes. Poor, and wealthy.
Now, the poor were often working as fish merchants or fruit sellers or bread sellers. Sometimes they even found flowers to sell, but of course that did not make great business. The poor usually lived in the farmhouses and tiny, apartment-like homes, and the most poor of them on the city streets.
The wealthy lived in noble homes. Many wealthy people owned other homes that commoners paid them to keep. They called this the rent. The landowners were very strict about how they wanted the house kept, so the commoners didn't have so much freedom as to keep a pet there, much like today. The wealthy also in a way, discriminated the commoners, by not giving them rights, not listening to them, and the most rude one of all was this: When a wealthy noble or Noble's daughter walked upon the cobblestone streets of old Britain and saw a commoner, they were told not to look at it and not to buy whatever it was this man or woman was selling, simply because they had less.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Life_in_britain_1800s

Just like society today there was two social classes, though economics say its more but due to the increase in economic crisis and job losses either you are rich or poor(struggling.)

Like living areas as well in present day society those from what we can safely call suburban areas frown on those from urban areas as if they are lesser people. Most law makers come from such social areas yet they still make laws from urban areas which they feel are beneath them and too low class for them to be present in. What a world.

This century was marked by vast industrial development, by factories and gadgets, extravagance and pollution, mass poverty and charity. The world became ever more crowded, with the population of Europe more than doubling between 1800 and 1900. As urban life grew increasingly grimy, country life was plagued by poor harvests and crop disease, leading to famine and food riots. As in the previous century, there were vast population shifts, with many moving from the country to the city in search of work. The poor provided cheap labour to fill the factories, an essential component of the burgeoning industrial economy. At the same time, the middle classes were growing, as trade and industry led many into higher-status jobs - the industrial world was thirsty for bankers, shippers, clerks and managers.http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/booksforcooks/1800s/1800sfood.html

As in present day life mostly lower class citizens were the ones affected by the famine which was occurring which led to rioting ,which is not present in todays societies when it comes to such issues.The poor were used to provide labor for cheap, so as they fell deeper into the social slums those of the higher classes moved up. Seems like the world has not changed at all huh?

During the 19th century cookery books became enormously popular. Authors like Mrs Beeton were catering for a rapidly growing middle class. Published initially in affordable monthly parts, Beeton's 'Household Management' advised readers on a vast range of 'essential' subjects, such as how to fold napkins, how to entertain guests, how to create the perfect Christmas dinner, or how to organise the duties of different staff members.

For the first time, the country was intrigued by the stars of the kitchen - what we would now call 'celebrity chefs'. Alexis Soyer, famous head chef at the Reform Club, produced numerous books, while also manufacturing a range of sauces and numerous kitchen implements, and advising the army on the dietary needs of soldiers. Much of his work, including his book A Shilling Cookery for the People, was directed at the lower classes, showing an attempt to improve the eating habits of those living on a tight budget; a Victorian Jamie Oliver perhaps?http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/booksforcooks/1800s/1800sfood.html

In 1800s europe fame spread to the culinary arts as well. Due to changes in food prices and class sizes chefs began making cook books relative to citizens economic lifestyle.

With more tea and wheat in England than ever before, prices dropped. Tea had been a valuable delicacy in the previous century. In the 1800s the average factory worker gulped a cup down with his slice of bread - although in fact this was little better nutritionally than the gruel and ale of previous diets. As commodity production expanded, so did the importance of the British Empire which provided, as well as raw materials, new overseas markets in which mass-produced goods could be sold. Consequently vast amounts of cargo moved across the world, enabling the houses of wealthy Europeans to become crammed with products. At the same time, the colonies became increasingly dependent on European imports.http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/booksforcooks/1800s/1800sfood.html

This shows the presence of inflation in the 1800s european society. Over production caused prices to drop on certain produce. As well diets changed due to the cheap prices of certain produce which was now easier to afford.

No Breakfast During 19th Century!

During 1800s Europeans only had two meals a day and no breakfast. Usually working men ate breakfast int he morning, and they didn't have breakfast during 1th century because "the church preached against gluttony and other weaknesses of the flesh, men tended to be ashamed of the weak practicality of breakfast." Also minor meals and snacks were dislike by the church but people still had snacks during mid days. Also wines and alcoholic beverages were very popular in Europe and was served every supper.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_cuisine

By Will Choi

Romantic Music in 19th Century

During 1800s people were in to Romantic Music, it was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements. Romantic Music is related to romanticism in literature, visual arts and philosophy. Romantic Music didn't always refer to some kind of sad and romantic love music. To be exact it describes the expansion of formal structures within a composition, making the pieces more passionate and expressive. And druing this era nocturnes, fantasia and prelude had been written by famous artist like such Mozart, Franz Liszt and etc... Romantic Music lasted to early 20th century and music became more modern and contemporary.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_music
by Will Choi

Men's 1800s Wear

In 1800s men wore knee-length breeches and worn over stockings, tail coat that were cut high over the top of the breeches, collars turned up and ruffled cravats being worn at the neck and the hat choice was usually a top hat and most men carried a cane.

Along the way trousers became popular and even till this day now trouser is still reamains in out fashion industries and and for shoes they wore knee-high boots.

1820 a huge change in men's attire, they created more slimmer and shorter coats for business wear. Cravats became less fussy, creating ascots, bow ties and four-in-hand neck ties. By thr end of the century they have created a modern suit that has been worn even till this century

http://mens-fashion.lovetoknow.com/Mens_1800's_Wear

by Will Choi

Witchcraft

Alot of womens have been accused and execcuted because of witchcraft. Especially female shamans who are made in to malicious figures by christian propaganda were suggested and accused that they were witches. They were usually exccuted by getting hanged and burning them.
Typical accusations of being a witch was:
1. The ride by night.
2. The pact with the Devil.
3. The Formal repudiation of Christianity.
4. The secret nocturnal meeting.
5. The desecration of the Eucharist and crucifix.
6. The orgy.
7. Sacrificial infanticide, and Cannibalism.
Later on Witchcraft Act was set on 1735. Instead of execution by getting hanged and burning them, people were subject to fines and imprisonment.
http://hubpages.com/hub/Witchcraft_and_Witch_Hunts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch-hunt
by Will Choi

Fashion; to die for?

It's the latest fashion wardrobe and everyone else is wearing it but would you wear it too if you knew one of the side effects where death? In the 19Th century women would wear corsets too appear thin. According to Harper Bazaar and Hope Greenberg

"Ladies experienced many health problems associated to the corset. It was not so much the design as it was women's desire's to be thinner than they really were. Ladies started wearing the corset at a young age, while they were yet teenagers and still developing and growing. The corset tightly squeezed the inner organs together. This caused some problems in childbirth. Others included digestive problems. Their stomach did not digest food the way it should and women died because of complications during childbirth. This was a tendancy with women who attempted to get their waists as small as they could."
http://www.angelfire.com/ar3/townevictorian/victorianfashion.html
Social Status also had a major role in how tight the corset was so the less money you had the looser your corset so you would be able to move around to do chores.In the book Frankenstein Elizabeth most likely wore here corset tight because of her social status while Agatha used to wear a tight corset most likely wears it loose so she could accomplish her daily chores after her family was striped of its wealth.

In today's modern times clothes are relaxed, loose, and comfortable to wear; unless people decided to make their clothes uncomfortable.


From Krystal

Murder Used to be Easy

You used to be able to murder someone and get away with it, that is if no one was around because you could easily frame someone else. But now you don't even get 24hrs of freedom after committing a murder. It's like wearing a white tee shirt in the rain you think your covering yourself but they can see everything. Forensic scientist all have a job because of Murders. The needed a way to catch them because there's not always a noisy neighbor always looking out the window. so they used something that every has but each person's is different, DNA and finger prints. Back in the 1800s they didn't have any of these advances. Society was chaotic when a murderer came along because they didn't know who it was if there wasn't a witness and like in the book Frankenstein they saw Victors boat and Henry's dead body and thought he killed him. In today's age they'd just keep the suspects under watch like the worlds best stalker until the results come in and then arrest the suspect. Although this DNA method isn't 100 percent accurate it's better than pointing a finger around saying i saw his boat she he commit ed the murder.



From Krystal

REVOLUTION

Throughout history societies always seem to change drastically and very rapidly. This usual is stimulated by one major aspect. For Europe, this stimulating aspect was known as the Industrial Revolution. This change in one mere part of life helped influence the change of all aspects of life as they were perceived at that time. http://www.puhsd.k12.ca.us/chana/staffpages/eichman/adult_school/us/fall/industrialization/1/industrial_revolution.htm states that, " Before the Industrial Revolution, most European countries were ruled by a monarch who had much personal power. Great landowners, rich merchants, and some members of the clergy also had considerable political influence. But the workers and farmers had no voice in the government. Many countries did not even hold elections. Although Great Britain had a Parliament, only male members of the Church of England who paid a certain amount of taxes could vote. A handful of voters often determined who would represent a district in Great Britain. All these social, economic, and political conditions changed in Great Britain as the Industrial Revolution developed."

Women, Then Vs. Now

According to Women’s Rights by Olivia Coolidge “When Lucy Stone, founder of the American Woman Suffrage Association, was born in 1818; her mother is quoted as saying, “Oh dear! I am sorry it is a girl. A woman’s life is so hard!” Her mother, as a farmer’s wife, baked and cooked over a wood stove for her family and washed, scrubbed and drew water from an outside well and heated it on the stove. She also made cheese and soap, plucked chickens, dipped candles, wove and dyed cloth, made the clothes, milked the cows, and cared for her children. Women were not permitted to give evidence in court, nor, did they have the right to speak in public before an audience. When a woman married, her husband legally owned all she had (including her earnings, her clothes and jewelry, and her children). If he died, she was entitled to only a third of her husband’s estate.”http://www.amit.org.il/learning/english/ew/life.htm

Modern day women don’t have to pluck chickens or milk cows (unless they want to) they have an easier alternative, but they still have to fulfill the same tasks by having to go buy groceries and pick up the kids from school. Women have been given more rights by not only giving evidence in a court but becoming the judge in the courtroom. In addition to having a little too much say on how much they get after a divorce. Although women have been given a louder voice and more rights, it hasn’t greatly affected women’s life styles. Women will continue to work hard it’s just been switch from working hard at home to working hard in public. You can change the scenery and try to make it seem all glammed up much like a fairytale but in reality it’s the same situation.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cGQoPmefyA

From Krystal

Levels of People In Society

There were two levels of people in society back in 1800s: peasnats or serfs and lords and priests. Peasants or serfs raised the food in 1800s. Serfs were peasant famers who were neithere fully free or slaves. They couldn't leave the village, sell an ox or maorry without the lord of the manor's permissions. The second level of scoety was the lords and priests and they require taxes from the serfs in both food and labor from each family. The church required ten percent of everything the serfs produced. Higher level of people lived off the labors of the peasants class.
http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/farm-city/middle-ages.htm
by Will Choi

Changes in Rural society

from about 1800 until 1850 life for rural families changed drastically throughout europe. " growing importance of commercial farming and growing role of merchants and other " capitalists" in agriculutral trade, which put added pressure on peasants and small-scale farmers. growing internalization of grain trade (made more profitable by railroads and steamships) leds to trend of falling grain prices, which put pressure on peasants and small-scale farmers. problems of rural overcrowding and rural poverty ( which fed into urban growth.) efforts of national/state governments to " transform" rural populations through education and increased contact with the state." ( http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/hickey/scial%20change%20and%20politics%20in%20early%201800s.htm)

URBANIZATION

during the 1800s mass urbanization took effect in europe. the problems which occurred as an effect of the increase of urbanization brought many of the issues that are still in place in ghettos throughout the world. " familiar" problems of urban growth: overcrowding and concentration of poor, poor quality housing, lack of running water and sanitation, lack of ventilation and light, all of which contribute to the spread of disease and to social tensions." ( http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/hickey/scial%20change%20and%20polit ics%20in%20early%201800s.hm

Death Penalty In The 1800s

"In England, from as early as 1241 to as late as 1820, those convicted of capital crimes were hanged, drawn, and quartered. The prisoner was taken from his prison cell and laid on a sledge which was tied to a horse and dragged along the ground to the gallows... " "...Stoning and hanging were not the only methods of execution in early times -- only the most common. An impressive amount of sadistic creativity went into devising methods of killing those who dared to break the law..." "...In the 1800s hanging was the most common means of execution. It was eventually replaced by electrocution, then by lethal gas and, most recently, by lethal injection."


Personal thought ;
It is painful to think about how people used to punish others by killing them in front of others. Also by this act we can see that as time past everything changed. People have the rights to defend themselves and to have a lawyer, and also with other penalties.


http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/psych/mcostanzo/death_penalty/chapter.htm

By: Yenny Francisco